Electrophoresis Machine Essay

Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory procedure used to separate biological molecules with an electrical current. In this lesson, we’ll review how agarose gel electrophoresis works and introduce the equipment necessary to perform an electrophoresis experiment. Separation of DNA molecules of different sizes can be achieved by using an agarose gel. Recall that agarose is a polysaccharide that can be used to form a gel to separate molecules based on size. Because of the gelatin-like nature of agarose, a solution of agarose can be heated and cooled to form a gel in a casting tray. Think of casting the agarose gel like pouring hot gelatin into a mold. The hot agarose liquid is poured into a casting tray. Once the mixture cools, a thin agarose brick will form. To ensure there’s a place to put the DNA in the gel, a comb is placed in the agarose liquid before it cools. Each tooth in the comb will become a hole, or ‘well,’ in the solidified agarose gel. Once cast, this gel is placed inside a piece of equipment called a gel box. An electrode – one positive and one negative – resides at each end of the gel box. The wells are always oriented, so they’re farther from the positive electrode. This ensures that the DNA molecules in the well must travel through the majority of the agarose gel, thus providing sufficient time for separation. Air isn’t a great conductor of electricity, so we cover the gel with electrophoresis buffer. Electrophoresis buffer is a salt solution. It isn’t table salt, but the salt ions can carry an electrical charge just like salt water can. The salt in the electrophoresis buffer completes the circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. When the electrodes of the gel box are connected to a power supply, electricity flows through the electrical circuit, causing the negatively charged DNA molecules to move into the agarose gel. The DNA molecules continue to travel through the agarose toward the positive electrode as long as an electrical current is present. Recall that shorter DNA molecules travel through agarose faster than longer DNA molecules. In this way, agarose gel electrophoresis separates different DNA fragments based on size. Once the samples are loaded, the electrical current supplied by the power supply not only moves the DNA samples through the gel but the dye molecules as well. Note the colored lines that appear. These lines do not represent the DNA fragments. These lines represent the dye in the loading buffer that was used to visualize the samples during the loading step. Once the gel run is complete, the agarose gel can be removed from the gel box and soaked in an ethidium bromide solution. Recall that ethidium bromide is used to visualize DNA. Ethidium bromide molecules intercalate, or insert, between the nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule. In summary, gel electrophoresis is a laboratory procedure used to separate biological molecules with an electrical current. Together with a gel box and a power supply, an agarose gel can be used to separate DNA molecules based on size. Loading buffer enables scientists to insert DNA samples into the wells of the agarose gel. Once the electrophoresis procedure is initiated, the dye in the loading buffer forms a dye front that is used to determine when the procedure is complete. When the electrophoresis procedure is complete, the agarose gel can be soaked in an ethidium bromide solution to visualize the DNA bands on a UV box.

The University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra perform at the MacMillan Theatre concert review

I saw the University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra perform at the MacMillan Theatre. The conductor for this group was named David Briskin. No guest artist/conductor appeared to perform with the U of T Symphony Orchestra. It was performed, as I said before, at the Macmillan Theatre, which is located in the Edward Johnson Building. The address is 80 Queens Park Ave. The venue was efficient and large, as the sound would echo across the room. The seats were quite comfortable and well designed. The seating capacity was 815 in the Theatre. There were approximately 500 people who attended. The floor was on a slope in rows, and it had 2 tiers. Short Description of Performing Group There were no modified instruments for this performance. This band would be considered an amateur band, as they are students and do not get paid for their performance, but they played like a professional band. The men wore tuxedos, while the women wore black dresses of any version, with the exception of the two piano players who wore flower dresses, which looked quite well on them. The Concert as a Whole The concert was overall quite entertaining. At times, however, I was not as enthusiastic as I was before, as the songs dragged on, so at parts it wasn't as exciting as other parts. I feel that this concert was universal, as anyone who has a love for classical music could come and enjoy the pieces the orchestra played. Considering, however, that younger kids like more edgy and pop music, I think an older audience would gladly attend more than a younger audience. The concert was well paced, with an intermission so the audience could discuss and have a chat with their mates. Comment on Performance This performance was one for the ages, as it was a job well done by the orchestra. They began the performance with a prelude. This song used dynamics strongly, as the orchestra played extremely soft, as if the band wasn't playing. The French horn had a mini solo which was played well. The next part had the violins playing the fast part of the song. The violins, in my opinion, played a little bit too loud, but the oboe overcame that as it had many melodies which were played strong. The third section introduced the harp, which played an elegant melody. The crescendos and decrescendos were nice, and there was an interesting part where the flutes play, and the violins playback. The last section also had varied in tempos, and the trumpet played the melody with confidence. The second piece (Tabuh-Tabuhan) brought in the 2 piano players, Megan Chang and Magumi Okamoto. These two players played their parts with much excitement, as they hit every key as it was their last. The wooden xylophone was introduced in this movement also. This second movement was much more colourful than the first, with the dramatic style used for this piece, but at times it had an eerie feeling as well. My favourite piece was the one after the intermission (Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550), as for my grade 8 exam, I had to play various parts form it, and it was nice to hear the clarinet play the mini solos so fluently, and how the clarinet part fits in with the whole orchestra! There were different styles, as one song may be dramatic and slow, then the next will increase in tempo, then a very fast tempo to end off the movement. Overall, the performance was a job well done, and they played it exceptionally well. I would love to listen to them again. Comment on Technical Aspects of Concert I feel that Fred Perruzza (Director of Operations), Ian Albright (Technical Assistant), and Bob Dunkin (Production Assistant) deserve special acknowledgement for their efforts on keeping the technology together for the Orchestra's performance. The setting was effective acoustically, and the atmosphere was exceptional. The lighting did not have to change, and it was very visible to see all the instruments, and the audience lights were dimmed low enough to pay attention to the orchestra. It lightened up the mood for the concert. Comment on the Audience & Response Many elders attended this concert, and many university students showed, and all of Mr. Gray's fine young students attended! All types of cultural mixes attended, and wealthier classes attended. The audience was consistent with the interest for the first half, but for the second half, part of the audience began to feel drowsy and not as into it as they used to be. Even when the orchestra would play some heavy notes, the audience did not shake from the loud music made by the orchestra. They did respond consistently, however, clapping with tremendous applause after each symphony. The applause was polite, as they are people from a wealthier upper class level, and clapped with politeness. A few of the younger students, however, clapped spontaneously, or didn't clap at all. Nobody from Mr. Gray's class, however. During the intermission, everyone talked about how the solos were played, and how specific instruments hit some of the high notes played. After the performance, many teenagers spoke about the performance and how they wouldn't mind listening to it again. To Sum Up I enjoyed this concert, and I would love to hear them play again. It was nice, as I recognized one of the pieces they played (Symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550, by W.A Mozart), and I knew what part they were at, as I had to play bits of it for my grade 8 exam. It was an enjoyable experience, and I would recommend it to anyone! If you do not have anything to do one evening, take a visit and listen to the University of Toronto Symphony Orchestra, you will be amazed, and it will be worth it!

Dangerously alluring Essay

‘Dangerously alluring’, to what extent is this an accurate estimation of Richards Character?  Richard III. One of the most complex characters in Shakespeare’s various plays. Psychologically, he is an enigmatic individual, who possesses a number of contradictory characteristics, which qualify him as a fantastic villain. He is a man so determined to succeed, that he can almost be perceived as slightly insane. His three dimensional character means that there is a side of him that will appeal to the audience, and absorbs the viewer into his world of madness, irony, and mayhem. There is no other suitable way to characterise Richard, apart from ‘Dangerously alluring’, as I will prove in a psychosomatic analysis of Richard in the play ‘King Richard III’. One of Richard’s most dangerously alluring characteristics is his manipulative speech. He is undoubtedly the most articulate character in the whole of the play, making him dangerous to encounter. He proves, throughout the play, that, with the aid of his ‘honey words’, he can free himself from any situations that may jeopardise, his plot and thus his path to the throne. One of the most improbable situations, which Richard’s verbal dexterity allows him to escape, is his confrontation with Anne (Act I Scene III), at the funeral of her late husband Edward Prince of Wales, who died at the hands of Richard following the Battle of Tewkesbury. Of course Anne feels pure hate towards Richard because of the pain he has inflicted upon her and her family. In the beginning of their encounter her revulsion towards Richard is evident in the tone of her speech;  Ã¢â‚¬ËœFoul devil, for God’s sake hence, and trouble us not†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  It is quite clear that Anne holds, in her heart, a passionate hatred towards Richard, as he ruined her family. Other examples of her abhorrence of Richard are the names, to which she refers to him with,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¦infection of a man’  Ã¢â‚¬ËœFoul devil†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¦thou lump of foul deformity’  The latter insult is very wounding towards Richard as it refers to his deformity, i.e. his withered arm, which he is very aware of, he makes many comments throughout the play about it,  (Act I scene I) ‘Cheating of feature by dissembling Nature’  Ã¢â‚¬ËœBut I, that am not shaped for sporting tricks†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘†¦descant upon my own deformity.’  And thinks himself inferior because of it,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¦since I cannot prove a lover†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  This reference to Richard’s deformity, by Anne reflects how angry she is. In some parts of the confrontation she even curses him,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœEither heav’n with lightening strike the murderer dead†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Previously, before Richard enter the scene she makes many hurtful curses upon Richard and his prospective wife,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœIf ever he have a child, abortive be it;’  Ã¢â‚¬ËœMay fright the hopeful mother at the view †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  With hindsight it is clear to see how ironic these curses are because Anne ultimately becomes Richard’s wife. Yet how was Anne transformed from hatred, to an ounce of affection, after the crimes Richard has committed against her and her family? Simply, when she finally gives Richard an opportunity to speak, Anne is lured by his dexterity in the art of decei t. He skilfully turns the blame towards, as he claims it was her beauty which drove him towards such heinous crimes, ‘Your beauty was the cause of that effect†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  His disingenuous tactics prove advantageous as slowly but surely she calm, falling a prey to his deception. Allowing Richard time to speak is a fatal error as she lets her guard down and becomes susceptible to his lies.  At one point he gauges that he has turned her mind from hate to slight affection, and offers her his sword to kill him for his crimes, and to rid him of the pain he feels because of the great ‘affection’ he feels for Anne which is not mutual;  Ã¢â‚¬ËœLo here I lend thee this sharp pointed sword  Which if thou please to hide in this true breast†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  His verbal skill is and obviously has been influential enough to turn Anne’s feelings, and he has picked a key moment to prove his love, as at any point before she perhaps would have gladly buried the sword in his chest. He picks the right moment where she has been stunned and confused by his actions, and the fact that he has offered his sword for Anne to kill him, confirms his ‘true’ feelings for her. He even previously utters some very callous words about Anne and his feelings towards her,  ANNE; ‘Some dungeon’  RICHARD; ‘Your bed chamber’  The fact that Richard has the courage to utter such a tasteless comment speaks highly of his audacity and confidence, and shows that he gauges that he has the intelligence to remedy this whole situation, no matter how difficult the predicament he finds himself in is. His air of confidence is dangerously alluring because it shows him to be a very strong character, and some women find confidence an attractive quality. Richard III’s character explores the attraction of an anti hero, just as Heathcliff did in the novel Wuthering Heights. In this scene of the play Richard uses his skill to win Anne over and accomplish another part of his plot to become King. Richards’ intelligence allows him to see that by marrying Anne he is safe-guarding his position on the throne as he will have an alliance with the House of York through his own blood and Lancaster through Anne’s. He shows how he can exploit Anne to make his path to being King even stronger. This scene is perhaps the best example of how dangerously alluring Richard is as when you contrast the beginning and the end of the scene it is clear to see what Richard has accomplished.

Team work and Conflict resolution; CRITICAL reflection ESSAY Research Paper

Team work and Conflict resolution; CRITICAL reflection ESSAY - Research Paper Example This leads to disagreement among the team players as everyone thinks that his idea is better than the other’s. This disagreement among the people is the essence of conflict at work place (Masters & Albright, 2002). Unfortunately, conflicts at work can lead to lot of problems like under performance, attrition, major strike etc.(Masters & Albright, 2002). Hence, conflict resolution is extremely important for smooth functioning of an organization. However, as conflict affects both the emotional, physiological and the psychological aspects of life, what is more important is to resolve a conflict in such a way that everyone involved should be happy and satisfied with the resolution. I had a chance to learn about conflict resolution during my group work. I found that working in a team is not an easy job. Being a part of team is not only a challenge to your creativity but is also a challenge to your social and emotional skills. Moreover, I realized that what happens in a group work affects your personal life also as you tend to carry home the emotions that you feel during the group work. We were four people in group. During our group work, we experienced conflict in many issues. We experienced conflict right from the beginning of the work as the schedule of the meeting in itself became a matter of conflict. There were only 4 days left for the presentation and we were not able to decide the time of meeting as one of the group member had to leave early. We tried to find a solution which was acceptable by everyone. Hence, we decided to meet at lunch time when every one of us was free. Later on, we had a difference of opinion regarding which videos to choose for the presentation. Two members wanted one video for presentation while I and other member were thinking of other video clip. To resolve the conflict between the choices of the videos, we decided to show only one video which was â€Å"South Park†. I learnt different things

Brave mother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brave mother - Essay Example of the modern world, the role of the mother in the lives of her children has come to diminish, especially with the empowerment of women and their taking up of roles, which were previously reserved for men. The modern world has brought about plenty of challenges to motherhood, and some of these challenges tend to revolve around the fact that mothers are either working fulltime, or that they are going to college to further their education. While in previous generations the chances of couples divorcing were extremely slim, in the contemporary one, it has become commonplace, with many marriages falling apart in very short times. When this happens, it has become the norm for mothers to be given full custody of their children, which has led to the burden of the raising of children to become solely the domain of the mother. This situation has become extremely difficult especially when one considers that many mothers have to balance either work or school with the raising of their children; s omething which is becoming extremely difficult to achieve especially for those families that need an income. Today, mothers are faced with the task of not only raising their children, but also their fulfilling their obligations to their employers in order to earn an income. This raises the need for mothers to balance their work and family life. In order to achieve this, many mothers have looked for alternatives, which will not only enable them to work effectively, but also be able to spend time with their children. One of the ways that many mothers seem to be adopting is that of working from home. Many mothers have chosen to telecommute and this has ensured that they are able to spend more time at home working during the time when they would have been commuting to work. This has enabled them to get rid of work faster so that when their children come home from school, they find their mothers free to spend valuable time with them. Working mothers have also taken to using one calendar for

Maltreatment and the Developing Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maltreatment and the Developing Child - Essay Example The caregivers’ (mostly, the parents) role therefore is crucial to the development of the child. Without proper care and attention, the child would likely suffer from malnourishment, emotional and mental maladjustment issues. Based on these considerations, this paper shall now discuss the possible impact of extreme deprivation and neglect on the development of a child. It shall use examples of cases and case studies in order to enhance knowledge on this issue. The nature and the nurture debate have set forth the importance of both genetics and experience in the development of our brain. In generally accepted terms, medical specialists emphasize that nature or genes are responsible for the basic wiring plan, the formation of the cells, and the connections between the different brain regions (Oliver, 2007). Our experiences (nurture) are responsible â€Å"for fine-tuning those connections, helping each child adapt to the particular environment (culture, family, peer group) to which he or she belongs† (Oliver, 2007, p. 1). Even as the cells of our brain are already developed and we cannot do anything about how they are developed, the environment still has an influence on the development of the brain. Based on years of research on neuroscience, an infant’s experience usually has a permanent impact on the wirings of the brain (Eliot, as cited by Oliver, 2007). Upon a child’s birth and subsequent development and growth, his brain cells are fired and wired together. In the process, cells that are highly active are preserved and strengthened, and other cells or synapses which are not active are pruned away (Oliver, 2007). A child’s brain therefore requires constant stimulation in order to develop its full potential. â€Å"Their best learning is from being highly attuned to human stimuli – interacting with your face, voice, and touch. Singing, talking, and reading to

Mills Argument on the Freedom and Equality of Women Essay

Mills Argument on the Freedom and Equality of Women - Essay Example Consequently, Mill disagrees with an arrangement where one partner in a marriage appears to dominate the other. In this regard, he proposes a marriage relationship that is guided by consensus building and free association for both partners. However, while, men may have difficulties tolerating the idea of living as equal partners with their female counterparts, Mill reiterates that equality between men and women is highly desirable. As such, liberating women from patriarchal culture presents a bright future for mankind (Smith, 2001). On the other hand, freedom and equality also entails allowing women to own property and participate in politics. Mill also considers women to have similar abilities to men; however, due to their thought process and experience, women tend to be morally superior to men. In essence, freedom and equality of women in civil society benefits the general welfare of society in terms of promoting, for instance, justice, liberty and moral sensitivity. Strength and limitations of Mill’s approach Mill’s focus on the freedom and equality of women in civil society serves to promote affirmative action. Further his approach to the issue also dissuades the society from viewing women as an inferior gender to their male counterparts. Mill also identifies patriarchal culture as an impediment to gender equality in the society. On the other hand, the limitation of Mill’s approach with regard to freedom and equality of women in civil society emanates from a lack of focus on the needs and interests of women.

Objections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Objections - Essay Example Or, monetary returns may be provided. Even still, an additional/extra object can be added in the deal as compensation. All this will not only provide the customer a good value for the money spent, it will give him a psychological reassurance that the vendors meant well, and that it would be plausible to come here again. There is nothing greater than winning the allegiance of a customer. For instance, if the customer has come back with the complaint of the studio service, then any of the three options can be exercised. The entire service can be provided again from scratch, or the money can be returned, or some other facility/service/product can be offered to the customer as a token of goodwill and apology. This would show the customer that the intent to provide service is there on part of the vendor, and even though a glitch might have occurred on this occasion, there is every likelihood that the problem will not persist for the times to follow. Another potent method of accomplishing the same is to question and assess the situation. There is a very fine line here between inquiring, and creating a conflict with the client. The former is intended, and the latter must be avoided at all costs.

International monetary policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

International monetary policy - Term Paper Example Under that regime higher employment and sustainable economic growth was regarded through low inflation as one of the theoretical framework of monetary policy (Solow & Taylor, 1998). The effects of money supply decisions are transmitted through interest rate channel through the economy. The transmission mechanism in the economy is not as simple as it seems since there are uncertainties about timings, expectations, exchange rate, interest rate and balance of payments (Canada, 1999). This traditional framework of monetary policy has been effective for the domestic and closed economies but with the changing scenarios of economic integration and interdependence. This emergence of new economic activities across borders gave birth to a new dimension of monetary policy which was named as International Monetary Policy. International monetary policy analyses the effects of policy decisions over international finances of a country through exchange rates (Odell, 1982). Monetary policy only overlook the domestic aspect of interest rate while in international monetary policy the focus is more on balance of payments and on balance of trade. Policy decision of money supply lead to appreciation/ depreciation of currency while other factors remain same due to which exchange rate may overshoot instantly. Considering such complications and impediments, international monetary policy can serve the purpose to achieve target through either stabilizing exchange rate or through fixed exchange rate or through currency unions or through dollarization (Scammell, 1975). So, traditional monetary policy doctrine failed to capture the independent nature of monetary policy. The regime of International monetary policy was first acknowledged around four decades ago which recognized the international monetary policy spill over and helped in reconsidering and reshaping the macroeconomic and open economy monetary models. International policy regime since its

Issues in Family business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Issues in Family business - Essay Example A family business is different from a traditional business because the business stakeholders are related to each other unlike the conventional business where stakeholders are individuals and not related by blood. Secondly, in a family business there are three primary roles and they are family, ownership and business. The family means relationships, i.e. mom, dad, son etc, ownership means who owns the business (who are the primary stockholders) and business means people who work at the business. Since, the business is tied together with more than just professional attitudes the day to day functioning of the business is not as easy as it seems. Conflicts occur more in family businesses as compared to the traditional business and these conflicts are extremely hard to resolve especially if there are close blood relations (Family Business Conflict Resolution). With emotions playing a vital role in decision making, not everything is simple as it may seem. While traditional business success can be judged by a lot factors which include use of technology, level and capability of resources, growth opportunities, using electronic commerce for business, customer satisfaction, customer retention and the company’s market share (Top 7 critical Business Success Factors 2000). Family business can only be judged using special factors that take into consideration the dynamics of the family business. One of the most important factors in accessing the success of a family business is to determine whether work boundaries are specified or not. For the smooth running of a business it is necessary that the roles of individuals are well defined and communicated (Essentials for Family Business Success). In a family business it is easy that roles may often be neglected or might not even be defined. In such situations a single person gets overburdened with work while the others simply remain absent from work.

Vulcanicity Case Essay Example for Free

Vulcanicity Case Essay Volcanoes mostly occur at plate margins. They can also occur at hot spots and in rift valleys. The most active volcanic zone is the Pacific Ring of Fire around the Pacific plate. Here plates are colliding or separating. At active points on these plates volcanic mountains are formed, e.g. Nazca Plate and South American Plate, where plates separate, e.g. Pacific and Nazca Plate and in rift valleys, e.g. African Plate, Kenya. The most active area on the globe is the western rim of the Pacific Plate stretching from Russia to New Zealand. Several findings relating to earthquakes and volcanic activity can be explained by plate tectonics. If you follow news stories of earthquakes, you may begin to wonder why such places as California or Japan have so many earthquakes, whereas the north eastern United States or Western Europe have so few. The fact is that earthquakes occur along belts and the vast majority of these belts lie on the boundaries of the earth’s tectonic plates. The same is true of volcanoes and locations known for earthquakes, such as the Philippines, have many volcanoes.The Hawaiian Islands are located near the centre of the Pacific Plate. These islands of Hawaii experience plate movement, helping to form the volcanoes that created those islands. At the south of the island group, many volcanoes are still active, while those to the north are mainly dormant. The reason for this is that the Pacific Plate is moving north over a stationary lava source (mantle plume) below Hawaii. The south islands remain above it, while the northern islands have moved away.The Oceanic crusts are tend to be youngest at the centre of ocean basins and along mid-ocean ridges, or along submarine ridges where new seafloor is created. There is much volcanic activity here as massive fissure eruptions frequently occur. Crusts of oceanic and continental type differ by their thickness and by composition. Basalt, an igneous rock (from the cooling of magma), makes up the SIMA, whereas much of the continental crust (SIAL) is made up of granite, also an igneous rock. Where the crust is thin volcanic activity is more clearly seen.

Comparing 600-1450 & 1450-1750 Essay Example for Free

Comparing 600-1450 1450-1750 Essay Periods of time have always been changing and evolving. The 600 to 1450 era had some similarities to the following era, the 1450 to the 1750; though as said before, there were the changes also. Many continuities and breaks occurred between both periods. There were the changes in their trading systems, the technology, their global interactions, urbanization, social systems, and their political government development. These events led to various inventions and some that are still used to this day. All the terms involving continuity during both time periods eventually changed and affected the era. Analyzing these ideas will help receive a better understanding of both periods. During the 600s to the 1450s, trading was mostly done by land. There were long-distance trading occurring then, but not as much sea travel and ocean trade routes as in the 1450s to 1750s time period. The post-classical period (600-1450) included the long-distance trade from the European to the African kingdoms. However, there wasn’t any constant trading happening between the eastern and western hemisphere. On the other side, during the time frame after this (1450-1750), trading was constant with the western and eastern hemispheres now connected by sea-based travel. World trade patterns where happening due to the Atlantic Ocean trade eventually crossing of the Pacific Ocean. Trading began with small items and grew to even humans, slaves. Trade routes influenced the cultures and belief systems back then also. Connections between different people brought both positive and negative effects. Technology also improved because of necessary traveling items. The technology during both of these time periods where advancing and improving. During the 1450-1750, these innovations strengthened their political organization and economic growth. Afterwards these two affected and altered the world trade pattern. In these early years, the Scientific Revolution occurred and the methods used by scientists then, are now the basis for science; for example mathematical formulation, empirical evidence, and freedom of inquiry. The Scientific Revolution was a new vision of science relying on the human reason for comprehending the scientific phenomena. This Revolution was brought by the earlier Renaissance and the Reformation. During the 1450-1750, there wasn’t a Scientific Revolution, but there was the forcing of converting to Catholicism from the Spanish and Portuguese towards the Amerindians. In the earlier era, it was optional for people to rely on the Scientific Revolution as their belief, but in the later era, Catholicism was forced into being the belief of all. In navigation technology, the Portuguese made great contributions including the magnetic compass and the astrolabe, helping mariners determine their locations at sea. They also made advancements in the design of ships. Caravel was the name of the newly developed ship by the Portuguese. Its size allowed the exploration of shallow coastal areas and rivers, and was also strong eno0ugh to withstand storms out on the ocean. This navigational technology made history. Socially, there were many important cultural changes. For example in the 600-1450, the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment were beliefs that oriented European minds toward science and invention. This allowed them to escape from the social and intellectual boundaries of the Middle Ages. Speaking first of the Renaissance, which was primarily launched in Italy, this was a time of â€Å"rebirth† to the intellectual and artistic creativity of the people. Humanism is the interest of an individual’s capabilities and accomplishments, but in the Italian Renaissance, humanism was reflected through philosophies, portrait painting, and autobiography. The Reformation occurred both in the Protestant group and later on in the Catholic people. The rebellions against the church were the Protestant Reformation, which began in 1517 by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. The Catholic Church responded forcefully and began the Catholic Reformation. During this time, a Council of Trent rose and Jesuits was founded which traveled all around Europe trying to convince ex-members back. During the time when the Spanish were ruling over the Americas, the forced their way into that land and killed everyone they found. These conquistadors were cruel, slaughtering small children, pregnant women, and even old men. Their political development systems changed slightly and this caused a new turn to the governments’ ruling and its land/sea possession of trade. During the post-classical era, the kingdoms were long lasting overall. In the period after, there was a great expansion of their kingdoms. The Spanish and French kings gained enough power to turn into absolute monarchs, which held complete control over their kingdoms. The French kings also cultivated a belief in the divine right, which was the authority of king with God’s blessing. In other parts of Europe (Britain and the Netherlands) developed constitutionalism as their style of government. Though, the development of capitalism and technological advances was constant on all government types. Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of property and business that produce goods to be sold in a free market. The joint-stock companies, back then, organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares. In the â€Å"putting-out system†, entrepreneurs delivered the raw material to the workers in their home, from where they were transformed into finished products. The Portuguese established viceroyalties, which were the king’s representatives in the New World and wielded a great deal of power over their lands. They later became independent and set up their government in an urban area. Talking more about the time of 1450-1750, the Zhen He’s voyages were very important. I founded interesting that after Yongle’s death, the Ming government decided to stop the voyages, but if they hadn’t, might the Chinese have been the ones to discover the Americas first?!!? Overall, periodization has changed and had made an impact on us today. The era between the 600-1450s and the one of 1450-1750s were both very interesting and had marker events that shape our life today. Analyzing, comparing the continuities and the breaks help us get a better understanding on what really made history.

Effects of Music on Plant Growth

Effects of Music on Plant Growth Miguel Cintrà ³n Ryan Cabral Humberto Michel The objective of this experiment is to determine if the different types of music affect the growth of the Euphorbia Miliiplant. If we put three Euphorbia Milii under the same conditions, with three different types of music, then the three plants will grow exactly the same, because we speculate that music does not have any effect on plant growth. We predicted that the three plants will grow to be exactly the same. We might have different results from what we expected as: one plant will grow larger than the other 2, because of its type of music; one plant will grow smaller than the other 2, because of its type of music, etc. Depend of the results this experiment will have an importance, because people will be able to make grow larger or smaller their plants. This is a benefit when it comes to control the growth of your plant. Farmer Chris Beardshaw claims that booming Heavy Metal band Black Sabbath has thoroughly increased the disease resistance of the plants in his greenhouse, though making them shorter. This could mean that music could be used as a method to make crops grow more efficiently. Euphorbia Miliiis a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaciae, native to Madagascar. Theoretical Framework The scientist of (all science fair projecs.com) they put in there hypothesis that the classic music will help with the growth. Of the plants, at the end, the hypothesis holds true and they observed and conclude that music is able to speed up seed germination and enhance plant growth. Although there may not be an available scientific explanation as to why music is able to enhance plant growth, the results are there for us to take advantage of. Music can be used in plant nurseries to speed-up seed germination and help us grow healthier plants. The scientist of USCB SCIENCE LINE, they observed and conclude that music affects plant growth has been the subject of many, many science fair projects. It seems as though it is uncertain whether music really does have an effect. Sound is a wave traveling through air and it may be possible that changes in air pressure may affect plant growth but also they planted that was difficult to test this because there a lot of variables that need to be controlled i.e. soil composition, water, light, etc. The scientist Dr. Singh (1962) published that when you switch on your radio, the sound wave will create vibration that will then cause your eardrum to vibrate. This pressure energy will be converted to electrical energy for the brain to translate into what you understand it as musical sounds. Dr. Will Warner (2014) published that if the frequency of sound increased, then the growth of plants will increase. He conclude that his hypothesis was incorrect â€Å"the frequency of the sound was increased, and the classical music group grew the shortest†. A scientist that published his report (answers.com) said that plants are not intelligent. In fact, they dont have a central nervous system. Music can only affect you if you understand it, and plants cant understand anything and plants have no auditory organs. They cant hear any more than you could hear through your skin if you had no ears. A scientist of (kidslovekits.com) find out thatwe think that the classical music will help the plant growth and that the rock music will hinder its growth since studies have showed that classical music even concentrates the human brain and is good for you. After one week of experimenting, the following were the results. The one that was in the best condition was the plant that was in the room with classical music. The second best plant was the one in the room with no music and the one that didnt do so good was the one in the room with rock music. DorothyRetallack(1973) penned down her research. For her laboratory experiment in her studies for the degree in music she chose to study the effects of music in plants. After her researchRetallackdiscerned that the genre of music did not have anything to do with the response; it was the kind of instruments used and their resonance that probably made the difference. Her book says that loud frequencies of music played havoc with the health of the plants, resulting in a very slow and stunted growth; even death in some cases. Dr. Matthew DavidFleischacker(2012) hetested the biological effect music would have on plants. The link above shows what was done in the experiment, but basically what they found was a direct relationship between the sound vibrations and the growth of the plant. Joel Sternheimer(1991) studied and investigated the vibrational frequencies of amino acids. Ribosomes plays an important role in the creation of proteins from a variety of twenty amino acids depending on the need of the cell and its organisms. He also conclude When the frequencies are recognized, each of these notes can then be recorded into a sequence, or melody. Sternheiner successfully replicated the recorded melodies for the selected proteins. When these melodies were played, he noticed that it increased the manifestation of the corresponding protein and accelerated the growth of the plant. Sternheiner affirms that tomatoes grew two and a half times larger when his melodies were play. A South Korean scientist Mi-JeongJeong(2007) would play Beethovens Moonlight Sonata to rice plants and he conclude that due to exposure to music, the chemical changes that took place within the plant, could be studied and harnessed in order to throw better light and increase the blossoms of other crops, too. Dr. Don Robertson (1973) he saw thatthe plants showed no reaction at all to country and western music, similarly to those in silent chambers. However, the plants liked the jazz that she played them. He tried an experiment using rock in one chamber, and modern classical music of negative composers  Arnold Schà ¶nberg  and Anton Webern in another. These two scientists Creath and Schwartz (2004) have reported significant effects of music on the germination of seeds when compared to untreated control plants. Similarly, there also have been other reports on the enhancement of physiological conditions of the plants because of exposure to sound and music. It can be concluded that plants enjoy music and they have better effect when exposed to the appropriate style. Dr. Lee. Patrick (2009) he published Silence grew the best and healthiest followed by spoken word (Harry Potter). Classical music (Vivaldi concertos) ended up just under spoken word. Bringing up the rear was a very small and unhealthy plant that was listening to heavy metal and (harsh) world music (Mudvayne and Rammstein). He also concludes, â€Å"From my twenty days of information gathering, I have drawn the conclusion that all music/spoken word affect plant growth negatively. Some plants were affected more negatively than others were. Therefore, I can just repeat an old saying, Silence is golden.† Scientists of (omgfacts.com) published that, differentkinds caused different effects. Plants responded best to classical and Indian devotional music. In a controlled environment, plants exposed to these kinds of music had lush and abundant growth and good root development.They observedplants that listened to rock did poorly, showing signs that they were in the dying stage. Plants exposed solely to white noise died quickly. Scientists of (The handy science book.com) reported thatplants responded best to Indian classical and devotional music. In a controlled environment, plants exposed to these kinds of music had lush and abundant growth and good root development. Exposure to country music or silence brought about no abnormal growth reaction, while jazz produced growth that is more abundant. With rock music, plants did poorly. Their roots were scrawny and sparse and they seemed to be in a dying stage.Plants exposed solely to white noise died quickly. Scientists and researchers have long studied the effects of music on plant growth. Chronicling how music, from hard rock and boogie-woogie to the most refined classical pieces, may or may not stimulate plants to grow fascinates both the most-educated botanist and youngest science fair participant in elementary school. Whether or not classical music has any effect on urging or retarding plant growth is a hot topic. Also most scientist said thatwhile most mainstream scientists and botanists believe that no irrefutable evidence exists to prove whether classical or any other music stimulates plant growth, some researchers entertain the notion that sound waves may agitate the air around planets just enough to stimulate plant growth. In a question-and-answer section of the Science Centre Singapores Website, one researcher quoted a United Kingdom biologist who suggested that a fan running in place of a loudspeaker blaring music would probably generate the same agitating effect. Some researchers believe that the frequencies of music played to plants need to be kept at or near 5000 Hz in order for it to be beneficial to plant growth or, more important, larger fruit size and more vibrant and fragrant flowers. Also Russian researchers conducted experiments on onion plant roots that received consistent exposure to classical music. The music, composed by classical greats such as Mussorgsky, Chopin, Mozart, Wagner and Schubert, was chosen for its complex, rhythmic accents. The onion listened to the selected classical music six hours a day for 10 days. After 10 days, the onion roots were measured and examined at the cellular level. The scientists in charge of the experiment determined that the plants responded favorably to classical music by growing longer, roots that are more vigorous. Plants that listened to music with lyrics grew even longer roots. A students from the Marshall middle school published thatthe plant that had to listen to music did in fact grow much, more than the plant that did not have to listen to music. The plant that had to listen to music grow about 8cm and the plant that did not listen to music grow 5.5cm which is about 3.5cm less than the plant that had to listen to music and this experiment in fact support our hypothesis. These scientist (NuranEkici,FeruzanDane, LeylaMamedova,IsinMetinand MuradHuseyinov) reported thatstudy effects of strong, complex, rhythmic accent classical Music withsekundaandKvartaintervals. The frequently reprised and opus with rhythmic dynamically changing lyrics which Contain more EXTENSIVEKvintaoktavasepta intervals on mitotic index and root growth were Investigated in onion root tip During germination cells . For This aim, samples music from Wagner, Mozart, Mussorgsky Chopin, Tchaikovsky and Schubert Were Chosen. We found correlation between root elongation and Mitotic Index. Both kinds of music have positive effects on root growth and mitotic divisions in onion root tip cells but rhythmic dynamically changing lyrics affected much better. In This study, light microscopy techniques were used but ultra-structure of root tip cells will be studied with electron microscope in the following study. A scientist from Australia has reported thatevery plant has a mouth, in fact more than one mouth. These mouths are called stomata’s and over a year ago at the University of California in San Diego, United States, scientists discovered a single mechanism that controls plants stomata. There are two cells that make up the stomata and these two cells are connected to the resonant frequency of calcium, when the cells come in close contact with this frequency of calcium they close. However, what these scientists found was if the frequency were change slightly the plants stomata would open again after an hour even if the presence of calcium were still strong. This proved that exposures to high tones, music and bird songs stimulated the plant to vibrate and keep their stomata are open to increase the exchange of gases, therefore increasing growth because plants absorb fertilizer via their stomata. In addition, heincluded whatDorothyRetallackdo, that was held one of the first and most famous experiments performed on the effect of music on plants. Her experiment found that plants grew better under the influence of classical music compared to rock and roll and when jazz music was played some plants would lean towards the speaker and others would lean away. She found these findings whilst she studied her degree in music. She later went onto pen that it was not perhaps the type of music but the instruments played. She also stated that loud frequencies of music had negative effects on plants where the plant sometimes even died. A scientist ofmallstuffs.composted thatwhen the plants were beam with acid rock music, all the plants leaned away from the direction of music. When Mrs.Rattallackrotated the pots 180 degrees, all the plants leaned away in the opposite direction. Plants hate i.e. acid rock music. When the level of rock in the music was reduce, the movement of plants leaning also reduced. For EX : when Spanish tune , La Paloma was played , the leaning was only 10 degree from the vertical, very less than the 60 + degree of rock music . Plants fiddling with music beamed 15 degrees Leaned Towards the source of music. These experiments were done using continuously 25+ days for eighteen plants per chamber. All varieties of plants like squash, seed, flowers, leafy vegetables etc. Methods The materialswe used in this experimentare:ThreelabeledEuphorbiaMiliispecimens, a onehourWaltzplaylist, aonehourReggaetonplaylist,a one hourElectronicaplaylist,a journal fordocumenting, gardening tools,rulers (cm, inch,) to measure the plants, a camera, to take pictures of the experiments stages.To start we will take all threeEuphorbiaMiliispecimens (each already labeled according to their music type) and keep them in a controlled environment out in the sunlight. All plants will be given the same amount ofcare and water, and every day for one hour they will be each put to listen to their respective musicfor one hour, we already have playlists set up for this.Every change will be documented with rulersand cameras. Wewill write down all size and color changes as well as take pictures for demonstration, This process will take from the start of the experiment to approximately two or threeweeks before the Science Fair. References All Science Fair Projects http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/print_project_1301_143?print=1 UCSB Science Line http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=1495 Hub Pages http://hubpages.com/hub/the-effect-of-music-on-plant-growth Google Documents https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1mxwiSK_4LVr9X4apl7T5tqflmXo5fEg8UpKPGsvssEY/embed?hl=ensize=s#slide=id.p13 Answers.com http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_effects_of_music_on_plants Kids Love Kits http://www.kidslovekits.com/projects/plantmusic/index.html Ehow http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4596442_does-music-affect-plant-growth.html Info.com http://topics.info.com/How-do-different-kinds-of-music-affect-plant-growth_2902 Buzzle.com http://www.buzzle.com/articles/does-music-affect-plant-growth.html The Independent http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/want-bigger-blooms-blast-your-plants-with-black-sabbath-and-avoid-playing-cliff-richard-8579013.html SiOWfa12 http://www.personal.psu.edu/afr3/blogs/siowfa12/2012/10/music-can-help-your-plants-growseriously.html Dovesong.com http://www.dovesong.com/positive_music/plant_experiments.asp California State Science Fair 2005 https://www.usc.edu/CSSF/History/2005/Projects/J1631.pdf Omg Facts http://www.omgfacts.com/lists/15202/Music-affects-plant-growth-and-now-we-may-know-why-Not-all-music-has-the-same-effect-though?%2Fl%2F15202= Deerfield Patch http://patch.com/illinois/deerfield/bphow-do-different-kinds-of-music-affect-plant-growth#.VCYEM_l5MnM Wikipedia (2014) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphorbia_milii Gardenguides.com http://www.gardenguides.com/116597-classical-music-its-effects-plants.html Plantingscience.com http://www.plantingscience.org/index.php?module=pagesetterfunc=viewpubtid=2pid=2829 Scialert.net http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ajps.2007.369.373 Ecocitizen Australia http://www.ecocitizenaustralia.com.au/affect-of-music-on-plants/ Mallstuffs.com http://www.mallstuffs.com/Blogs/BlogDetails.aspx?BlogId=393BlogType=SpiritualTopic=How%20music%20effects%20plant%20growth

How Are Automatic Stabilizers Used To Combat Inflation? :: essays research papers

How are Automatic Stabilizers Used to Combat Inflation?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today's economy, there are devices present called automatic stabilizers. Automatic stabilizers, are mechanisms which aid in the correction of an economic problem without the interference of anyone or anything. They are perhaps most useful to combat demand - pull inflation. Demand - pull inflation, is when prices rise because the economy cannot produce enough goods to satiate the economy. An automatic stabilizer, that is beneficial to combat such a problem, is a progressive tax. A progressive tax, is a tax that becomes a higher rate for each increasing level of gross domestic product. If such a tax is present within the economy, when the society becomes more prosperous, such as in the situation with demand-pull inflation, the citizens are taxed more, therefore decreasing the marginal propensity to consume, and decreasing consumption. The marginal propensity to consume is the fraction of any change in disposable income spent for consumer goods. If this decreases, demand will not be as high above, or even above where the supply is, therefore reducing the demand - pull inflation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another way to stabilize demand - pull inflation is to reduce government spendings. Government spendings, are the spending that the government make with the tax revenues, and they add to the gross domestic product. An automatic stabilizer that will lower gross domestic product is welfare. As income rises, there are less people who need welfare, therefore reducing the amount of government spending, and lowering the gross domestic product.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Due to such automatic stabilizers as progressive tax rates and the decrease of government spending due to welfare, therefore a decrease in government borrowing, therefore a decrease in the demand for the dollar, therefore a decrease in the interest rate, which would cause a decrease in the foreign demand for dollar, which would cause the dollar to depreciate, therefore lowering inflation due to a less valuable dollar.

Rainy Day :: essays research papers

It’s a rainy day today! I am sitting at my window and watching the beauty of nature. This is great sight! I love the scenes the nature has created today. Let me share it with you! The falling water droplets make the air cool and environment calm. When it starts raining slowly every one rushes to safe place to save them. Women rush to roof to take their cloth down to save from getting wet. Small children gets excited. You can easily see them jumping and trying to come out to take a feel of rain. Have you watched the scene on roads when it starts raining. †¦ ha ha its funny scene. Some people try to escape by running/ some try to take shelter under other’s roof / some take bag or books magazines on their head and try to escape. But this is all when it is weak rain. †¦ but when it is heavy rain one has no way. Even umbrellas are insufficient. The heavy lightning with thunderous sound†¦.. God save us! Prays the poor in his hut. Every one comes out on window and peeps out side scene. If you have a field in front you will hear songs of frog. Have u seen them when they speak/ their vocal sac. This seems like a baloon. The old ponders the rain scene and remembers his child hood and young days. He never forgets to guard his grand children waiting to jump in rain. Still u see the eager ness of children if they could have been permitted to take a bath. What is more that when it rains with heavy wind. U shut your door and window. And still manage to peep out side! †¦Ha ha ha !†¦ Hands off to God †¦.on this beautiful scene creation. How beautiful is the scene of nature! The black thunderous cloud, the fading day light due to its darkness, birds rushing to their nests. And the unique beauty of raining. Well this is not all. When it stops raining†¦. It’s a different pleasure! †¦. Small water droplets droping from wet leaves one after one.. creating different sounds when droping on water/ dry leaves/ wood or metal. Have you heard them! They sound great! Small children making paper boats and sailing them. On low lands water are logged.

Michael Jordan’s Second Return to the NBA Essay -- Athletics Sports Ba

Michael Jordan’s Second Return to the NBA Michael Jordan has been of interest to me ever since I began playing basketball myself in the fourth grade. I often found myself trying to replicate Jordan’s moves and motions on the court. I already know a great deal about Jordan because I have studied his career and practically memorized his credentials, both as an athlete and a thriving businessperson. I often found myself staring at my ceiling at night reciting free-throw percentages and such. The main controversy when dealing with Jordan, however, focuses not on his ability to play basketball, rather his second return to the game. Should Jordan have returned for the second time, or should he have stayed away from the basketball court? Factors such as fan reaction, Jordan’s performances since his return, and his age all influence this question. Although some may argue that Michael Jordan made the wrong decision by returning to the basketball court, I have concluded that his return was successful because the questioned factors all weigh heavily in favor of him. Fan reaction, certainly, is a good subject to discuss when referring to Michael Jordan’s return. It is obvious that he is a well-known athlete and fans all over the world know him. As Steve Rushin, a reporter for Sports Illustrated, has stated, â€Å"the absurd variety of his fans is, as ever, unmatched in sports† (19). Rushin’s statement explains the variety of fans that Jordan has collected throughout his career as a basketball player and how these fan numbers tower over any other sport. It is predictable that the fans will want to see Jordan play again and Roscoe Nance, from USA Today, proves this by mentioning the boom in ticket sales after his return.... ...er championship after his return, but he has proved that he can play the game and is, and will always be, the best basketball player of all time. Works Cited Armstrong, Jim. â€Å"Don’t Fret, Mike: Life Begins at 40.† ESPN.com 17 Feb. 2003: 15 pars.17 Feb. 2003 . Estep, Pamela. Telephone Interview. 26 Feb. 2003. â€Å"Michael Jordan Career Profile.† YAHOO.com 3 Mar. 2003: 5 Mar. 2003 . Nance, Roscoe. â€Å"Not All Happy to See Jordan Return.† USATODAY.com 28 Sept. 2001: 9 pars. 3 Mar. 2003 . Rushin, Steve. â€Å"They’ll Always Like Mike.† Sports Illustrated 3 Feb. 2003: 19. InfoTrac OneFile. InfoTrac. J. Frank Marsh Library, Athens. 5 Mar. 2003.

Bill of Rights Assignment

I started my assignment by really reading over the Bill of Rights and thinking really hard. It occurred to me that this was going to be a very tough assignment. Though I don’t think that a lot of the Amendments are upheld much anymore, such as freedom of speech, I could not think of any that needed to be removed or changed. So I started thinking about things that I thought should be added. It came to my attention that I shouldn’t try of think of things that should be added because of personal reasoning, but instead, things that seem to be aggravating a lot of people nowadays. I came up with three. The first thing I thought really needed to be added to the Bill of Rights was the right to marry any person of your choosing. Now I know that gay marriage is a really touchy subject for a lot of people but I feel like if you love someone it shouldn’t matter what gender they are. It seems to me that the only problem that there is with gay marriage being passed everywhere is that the churches do not allow it. Thomas Jefferson once sent a letter to the Danbury Baptist in 1802 stating â€Å"†¦ I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should ‘make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,' thus building a wall of separation between Church & State†. I do not believe that the states should not grant people the right to marry whom they please simply because it is considered an abomination in the church. This is the 21st century and there are so many religions, people following so many different ones and then there are also people, like myself, that do not believe in a â€Å"God† or â€Å"Creator† or whatever you want to call it. Gay marriage is a choice just as big as a man and woman marrying and if two people make that decision they should be allowed to make it official. The second thing I came up with for the Bill of Rights is the right to not have to pay for illegal immigrant’s welfare or jailing via state or federal taxes. Are country is in a $14,136,022,715,367 deficit, approximately as of 2/2/11. It does not seem far that some of our money is going into paying for illegal aliens to be jumping the border and living off welfare or being imprisoned and we end up having to pay for them to stay in our prisons and keeping them alive and such. I feel that if a person does not have a green card or was not born into this country by someone who is a legal citizen, they should not be here, making money off us when our country is having a bad enough problem dealing with our own money issues. I’m no expert on finances or on morality but it just seems like it should be every person’s right to not have to pay for people who are in our country illegally. There is an astonishing amount of aliens in our country that live here and manage to con our government out of thousands if not millions of our hard earned money. And lastly, the third thing I could think of that should be in the Bill of Rights is our right to medical care. There are so many people in our country dying every day because they could not receive medical care because of lack of funds. I was recently almost added to the number of people without medical care. I have two kids, live in Connecticut, and my kids are currently temporarily living with their grandparents. Was forced into homelessness due to the economy’s lack of job availability in my area and had to make the decision to either bring myself and my children to a homeless shelter or let them go live with family while I went to a homeless shelter or a friend’s. When staying at a friend’s house didn’t work, I moved back in with my father and the state of Connecticut threatened to shut off my welfare. They shut off my food stamps because I’m living with my father and are under 22 and almost shut off my health insurance due to the same reasoning. Now, unlike a lot of people out there, I’m lucky in the fact that I don’t have a life threatening disease. But I still require doctor attention unless I want to end up either in a wheelchair, which without money; I wouldn’t be able to afford one and would have to second hand which is never a guaranteed thing. But the fact that our country can afford to be helping people in Africa, Haiti, everywhere around the world with disease but cannot afford to make it a constitutional right for its own citizens to receive medical care is just unacceptable. It seems to me that our country is more worried about everyone else’s health but its own. I think it’s time that they look at ours and make it a constitutional right. In conclusion, I have personal found that there is three things that our country absolutely needs in its Bill of Rights. As I’ve said, I’m no expert in any way possible, but I feel that if these three things were added, we could be even just a little more well off: The right to medical care; the right to not have to pay money via taxes for aliens; and the right to marry whom we please, regardless of gender. I know that there are many people out there that would not agree with me on these, but as the assignment was to write what I thought should be added, edited, or removed, these are my ideas. Hope you enjoyed reading.Reference http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9806/danpre.html

India Child marriage

Child marriage in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Small child brides in India Child marriage is a common practice in many countries around the world, however it is especially prevalent in India, where more than one third of all child brides live. [1] According to UNICEF, 47% of girls are married by 18 years of age, and 18% are married by 15 years of age. [2] These marriages are often performed without the consent of the girls involved in the marriage. Indian law has made child marriage illegal, but it is still widely practiced across the nation.The highest rates are seen particularly in the rural states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. [3] It affects both boys and girls, but statistics show that girls are far more likely to be forced into a child marriage than boys; however the percentage of girls forced into child marriage in India has declined in recent years. Many consider child marriage to be a human r ights violation, resulting in death, health problems, poverty, violence, and lack of education. Contents Definitions of child marriageUNICEF defines child marriage as a formal marriage or union before 18 years of age. [4] UN Women defines child marriage as a forced marriage before 18 years of age because they believe children under age 18 are incapable of giving their consent. [5] History of child marriage Political turmoil Child marriage, also known as Bal Vivaha, is believed to have begun during the medieval ages of India. At this time, the political atmosphere was turbulent and ruled by Delhi Sultans in an absolute monarchy government.The sultans had an extreme commitment to their religion and forced many to convert, causing socio-cultural unrest, and Hindu women suffered the most. These days of the Delhi Sultans produced practices such as child marriage and lowered the status of women even further. They invented the ill omen of giving birth to a female baby and believed that you ng unmarried girls caused disaster. Child marriage became a widespread cultural practice with various reasons to justify it, and many marriages were performed while the girl was still an infant. [6] Military alliancesIndian feudalistic society became present, where characteristics such as honor, rivalry, and animosity were important qualities to possess, and because of this, families and kingdoms created strong military alliances to preserve or destroy power between them. To ensure the alliance was upheld by both sides, each family exchanged a young member of their household who was reared and educated at the other family's estate. The children were the assurance that the alliance between the families was honored, but in case it wasn't enough, the families made a marriage arrangement to deepen the alliance even further.They believed the marriage wouldn't work if they waited for the young children to grow up because they could possibly pick someone outside of the alliance. If they pe rformed the marriage while the children were still young and susceptible to their parents' influence, the children would have no choice but to marry who their parents chose to strengthen the alliance. [7] The caste system The caste system is also believed to have contributed to the growth of child marriage. Castes, which are based on birth and heredity, do not allow two people to marry if they are from different castes.This system was threatened by young people's emotions and desires to marry outside their caste, so out of necessity, child marriage was created to ensure the caste system continued. [8] Laws against child marriage The Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 The Child Marriage Restraint Act, also called the Sarda Act,[9] was a law to restrict the practice of child marriage. It was enacted on April 1, 1930, extended across the whole nation, with the exceptions of the states of Jammu and Kashmir, and applied to every Indian citizen.Its goal was to eliminate the dangers plac ed on young girls who could not handle the stress of married life and avoid early deaths. This Act defined a male child as 21 years or younger, a female child as 18 years or younger, and a minor as a child of either sex 18 years or younger. The punishment for a male between 18 and 21 years marrying a child became imprisonment of up to 15 days, a fine of 1,000 rupees, or both. The punishment for a male above 21 years of age became imprisonment of up to three months and a possible fine.The punishment for anyone who performed or directed a child marriage ceremony became imprisonment of up to three months and a possible fine, unless he could prove the marriage he performed was not a child marriage. The punishment for a parent or guardian of a child taking place in the marriage became imprisonment of up to three months or a possible fine. [10] It was amended in 1940 and 1978 to continue raising the ages of male and female children. [11] The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006Coming i nto effect on November 1, 2007, the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (PCMA) was put into place to address and fix the shortcomings of the Child Marriage Restraint Act. [12] The change in name was meant to reflect the prevention and prohibition of child marriage, rather than restraining it. [13][14] The previous Act also made it difficult and time consuming to act against child marriages and did not focus on authorities as possible figures for preventing the marriages. [15] This Act kept the ages of adult males and females the same but made some significant changes to further protect the children.Boys and girls forced into child marriages as minors have the option of voiding their marriage up to two years after reaching adulthood, and in certain circumstances, marriages of minors can be null and void before they reach adulthood. All valuables, money, and gifts must be returned if the marriage is nullified, and the girl must be provided with a place of residency until she marries or becomes an adult. Children born from child marriages are considered legitimate, and the courts are expected to give parental custody with the children's best interests in mind.Any male over 18 years of age who enters into a marriage with a minor or anyone who directs or conducts a child marriage ceremony can be punished with up to two years of imprisonment or a fine. [16] — Latest Judgment Under Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 — It has been held by the Delhi High Court that Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 overrides all personal laws and governs each and every citizen of India– 2012 [Volume No. 3] JCC [Journal of Criminal Cases] Page No. 148 – IN The High Court of Delhi – Hon’ble The Acting Chief Justice ; Hon’ble Mr. Justice Sanjiv Khanna ; Hon’ble Mr. Justice V. K. Shali – Date of Judgment – 27th July, 2012 – Court on Its Own Motion [Lajja Devi] Vs. State – W. P. [Crl. ] No. 338 of 2 008 — Smt. Laxmi Devi & Anr. Vs. State [GNCT of Delhi] & Others – Cril. M. C. No. 100/2011 and Crl. M. A. No. 3737 of 2011 – Maha Dev Vs. State [GNCT of Delhi] & Anr. – W. P. [Crl. ] No. 821 of 2008 and Crl. M. A. No. 8765 of 2008 — Devender @ Babli Vs. State [GNCT of Delhi] & Anr. – W. P. [Crl. ] No. 66 of 2010 — Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 – section 2[a] – Issue for Consideration – [i] What is the status of marriage under the Hindu Law when one of the parties to the marriage is below the age of 18 years prescribed under Section 5 [iii] of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 and Section 2 [a] of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, and [ii] When the girl is minor [but the boy has attained the age of marriage as prescribed] whether the husband can be regarded as the lawful guardian of the minor wife and claim her custody in spite of contest and claim by the parents of the girl – what is the effect of Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. — Held: – The object behind enacting the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 was to curb the menace of Child Marriage, which is still prevalent in this country and is most common in rural areas – Child Marriage is such a social evil which has the potentialities of dangers to the life and health of a female child and plays havoc in their lives, who cannot withstand the stress and strains of married life and it leads to early deaths of such minor mothers – It also reflects the chauvinistic attribute of the Indian Society- Even after the passing of the new Act i. e. – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, certain loopholes still remain, the legislations are weak as they do not actually prohibit child marriage . It can be said that though the practice of child marriage has been discouraged by the legislations but it has not been completely banned – Having regard to the legal/statutory position that stands as of now leaves us to answer first part of question No. by concluding that the marriage contracted with a female of less than 18 years of a male of less than 21 years of age would not be a void marriage but voidable one, which would become valid if no steps are taken by such court has option[s] to order otherwise [Paras 1,25,26,35,40] – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 – Section 3 – The girl, if mature, cannot and should be denied her freedom and other wishes should not get negated as of she has no voice and her wishes are of no consequences – The Court while deciding, should also keep in mind that such marriages are voidable and the girl has the right to approach the Court under Section 3 of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 to get the marriage declared void till she attains the age of 20 years. Para 48 ] – Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 375 & 376 – In case the girl is below 16 years, the answer is obvious that the consent does not matter – Offence under Section 376 Indian Penal Code is made out – The charge sheet cannot be quashed on the ground that she was a consenting party – However, there can be special or exceptional circumstances which may require consideration, in cases where the girl even after attaining majority affirms and reiterates her consent. [Para 49] — Indian Penal Code, 1860 – section 375 – Consummation, with the wife below the age of 15 years of age, is an offence under Section 375 – No exception can be made to the said constitutional mandate and the same has to be strictly and diligently enforce – Consent is such case is completely impartial, for consent at such a young age is difficult to conceive and accept – It makes no difference whether the girl is married or not – Personal law applicable to the parties is also immaterial. Para 50 ] — Indian Penal code, 1860 – Section 375 & 376 – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 – Section 3 – If the girl is more than 16 years, and the girl makes a statement that she went with her consent and that statement and consent is without any force, coercion or undue influence, the statement could be accepted and the court will be within its power to quash the proceedings under Sections 363 or 376 Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Here again no straight jacket formulae can be applied – The court has to be cautious, for the girl has right to get marriage nullified under Section 3 of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 – Attending circumstances including the maturity and understanding of the girl, social background of girl, age of the girl and boy etc. have to be taken into consideration. [Para 51] – Indian Penal Code, 1860 – Section 363/366/376/465/467/494/497/120-B/506 Indian Penal Code – Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 20 06- Section 3 – Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 – Section 482 – As per the ossification test, the girl/petitioner No. 1 was found between 17-19 years of age – As per the school leaving certificate, she was 17 years of age on the date when the parties solemnised marriage – Since she has given the statement that she married of her own accord to the petitioner no. and was more than 16 years of age, FIR under sections 363/366/376/465/467/494/497/120-B/506 Indian Penal Code registered against the petitioner no. 2 is quashed. — Marriage and Guardianship – In this writ petition, the question is only of validity of marriage and guardianship – Even if the age of the girl is taken as 15 years of age at the time of incident i. e. – 27. 10. 2006, she would be 21 years of age as of now – she has not filed any proceedings for declaring the marriage as void. Therefore, the marriage becomes valid now – The question of gua rdianship does not arise at this stage as she is major and during the period she was minor she resided at Nirmal Chhaya- Thus, the writ petition is disposed of in the above said terms. — Held: – As per the facts noted in Para 10 above, Shivani @ Deepika at the time of her marriage was less than 16 years of age, her date of birth being 3. 6. 1994 – It was directed that she would remain at Nirmal Chhaya – However, as the per the aforesaid date of birth i. e. – 3. 6. 1994, she has attained majority on 3. 6. 2012 – The petition was filed by Sh. Devender Kumar who married her habeas corpus was claiming her custody. She has attained majority, she is free to go anywhere – with these directions, this petition stands disposed of. [Para 56,57 & 58] — Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 which now stands repealed by Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. Para 16] – Thus, irrespective of personal laws under Act child marriages are p rohibited. – By declaring that the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 shall apply to all citizens, the parliament has intended to allow the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 to override the provisions of Hindu Marriage Act to the extent of inconsistencies between these two enactments. Similarly, Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 will override the personal law. [Para 20] – Thus, the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, being a special law, will have overriding effect over the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 to the extent of any inconsistency between the two enactments.For this reason, the court took the view that Section 3 of Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 would have overriding effect over the Hindu Marriage Act and the marriage with a minor child would not be valid but voidable and would become valid if within two years from the date of attaining 18 years in the case of female and 21 years in the case of male, a petition is not filed before the D istrict Court under section 3 [1] of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 for annulling the marriage. Similarly, after attaining eighteen years of age in the case of female, or twenty one years of age in the case of a male, the marriage shall become a full-fledged valid marriage. Until such an event of acceptance of the marriage or lapse of limitation period, the marriage shall continue to remain as a voidable marriage. Para 21] – If the marriage is annulled as per Section 3[1] of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, the same shall take effect from the date of marriage and, in such an event, in the eye of law there shall be no marriage at all between the parties at any point of time. [Para 22] – Stronger punishments for offences under Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 have been prescribed and that the offences have also been made cognizable and non-bailable but, this does not in any event have any impact on the validity of the child marriage. †” It has made a specific provision for void marriages under certain circumstances but did not render all child marriages void. [Para 23] — Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 as noticed above is a secular law and is a latter enactment, which specifically deals with the problem of child marriages. Religion of the contracting party does not matter.Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 being a â€Å"Special Act† and being a subsequent legislation, to this extent and in case there is any conflict, will override the provisions of Hindu marriage Act or for that matter nay personal law. [Para 30] — Registration of marriage has still not been made compulsory. Compulsory registration mandates that the age of the girl and the boy getting married have to be mentioned. If implemented properly, it would discourage parents from marrying off their minor children since a written document of their ages would prove the illegality of such marriages. This would probably be able to tackle the sensitive issue of minor marriages upheld by personal laws. Para 38] —- The marriage contracted with a female of less than 18 years or a male of less than 21 years would not be a void marriage but voidable one, which would become valid if no steps are taken by such â€Å"Child† within the meaning of Section 2[a] of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 under Section 3 of the said Act seeking declaration of this marriage as void. [Para 40]. CEDAW The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, commonly known as CEDAW, is an international bill attempting to end discrimination against women. Article 16, Marriage and Family Life, states that all women, as well as men, have the right to choose their spouse, to have the same responsibilities, and to decide on how many children and the spacing between them. This convention states that child marriage should not have a legal effect, all action must be taken to enforce a m inimum age, and that all marriages must be put into an official registry. 17] India signed the convention on July 30, 1980 but made the declaration that, because of the nation's size and amount of people, it's impractical to have a registration of marriages. [18] Why parents choose child marriage Parents of a child entering into a child marriage are often poor and use the marriage as a way to make her future better, especially in areas with little economic opportunities. During times of war, parents will often marry off their young child to protect her from the conflicts raging around her. Some families still use child marriage to build alliances, as they did during the medieval ages. Statistically, a girl in a child marriage has less of a chance to go to school, and parents think education will undermine her ability to be a traditional wife and mother.Virginity is an important part of Indian culture, and parents want to ensure their daughters do not have pre-marital sex, and child marriage is an easy way to fix this. [19] Consequences of child marriage Early maternal deaths Roza Olyai, an Indian gynecologist and the National Chairperson for the Adolescent Health Committee of the Federation of the Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India said, â€Å"Early marriage has many medical risks. The reproductive organs are not fully developed. The body is not ready. Teenage mothers, especially those below 18 years, risk hypertensive disorder, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, and post-partum hemorrhage. â€Å"[20]Girls who marry earlier in life are less likely to be informed about reproductive issues,[21] and because of this, pregnancy-related deaths are known to be the leading cause of mortality among married girls between 15 and 19 years of age. [22] These girls are twice more likely to die in childbirth than girls between 20 and 24 years of age. [23] Girls younger than 15 years of age are 5 times more likely to die in childbirth. [24][25] HIV and AIDS Girls enterin g into a child marriage are sometimes significantly younger than their husbands, who can be more sexually experienced. Marrying young and being sexually active can increase a girl's chance of becoming HIV-positive by more than 75%. [26] Infant healthInfants born to mothers under the age of 18 are 60% more likely to die in their first year than to mothers over the age of 19. If the children survive, they are more likely to suffer from low birth weight, malnutrition, and late physical and cognitive development. [27][28] Fertility outcomes A study conducted in India by the International Institute for Population Sciences and Macro International in 2005 and 2006 showed high fertility, low fertility control, and poor fertility outcomes data within child marriages. 90. 8% of young married women reported no use of a contraceptive prior to having their first child. 23. 9% reported having a child within the first year of marriage. 17. % reported having three or more children over the course o f the marriage. 23% reported a rapid repeat childbirth, and 15. 2% reported an unwanted pregnancy. 15. 3% reported a pregnancy termination (stillbirths, miscarriages or abortions). [29] Fertility rates are higher in slums than in urban areas. [30] Lack of education and poverty Marrying young is often associated with a lack of education and higher rates of poverty. Because of household responsibilities, pregnancy, and child rearing, young girls do not have access to schooling and income opportunities. [31] Violence Young girls in a child marriage are more likely to experience domestic violence in their marriages as opposed to older women.A study conducted in India by the International Center for Research on Women showed that girls married before 18 years of age are twice as likely to be beaten, slapped, or threatened by their husbands[32] and three times more likely to experience sexual violence. [33] Young brides often show symptoms of sexual abuse and post-traumatic stress. [34] Pr evention programs in India Apni Beti, Apna Dhan (ABAD), which translates to â€Å"Our Daughter, Our Wealth,† is one of India's first conditional cash transfer programs dedicated to delaying young marriages across the nation. In 1994, the Indian government implemented this program in the state of Haryana.On the birth of a mother's first, second, or third child, they are set to receive 500 rupees, or 11 USD, within the first 15 days to cover their post-delivery needs. Along with this, the government gives 2,500 rupees, or 55 USD, to invest in a long-term savings bond in the daughter's name, which can be later cashed for 25,000 rupees, or 550 USD, after her 18 birthday. She can only receive the money if she is not married. Anju Malhotra, an expert on child marriage and adolescent girls said of this program, â€Å"No other conditional cash transfer has this focus of delaying marriage†¦ It's an incentive to encourage parents to value their daughters. â€Å"[35]The Internati onal Center for Research on Women will evaluate Apni Beti, Apna Dhan over the course of the year 2012, when the program's initial participants turn 18, to see if the program, particularly the cash incentive, has motivated parents to delay their daughters' marriages. â€Å"We have evidence that conditional cash transfer programs are very effective in keeping girls in school and getting them immunized, but we don’t yet have proof that this strategy works for preventing marriage,† said Pranita Achyut, the program manager for Apni Beti, Apna Dhan. â€Å"If Haryana state’s approach proves to be valuable, it could potentially be scaled up to make a significant difference in many more girls’ lives – and not only in India. †[36]

Avatar Film Essay

â€Å"We must change what we want to see.† In James Cameron’s â€Å"Avatar,† we see Jake Sully—the protagonist—fighting in the imperialistic battle between the Na’vi: the natives and the Sky People: the greedy humans. Jake is important because he shows the audience the importance of where to put your loyalty and how much it can change a person. He transforms from a bitter, strongly-opinionated jarhead —with no respect for the foreign planet’s land or inhabitants—to a warrior loyal to his clan that he will fight for and defend. We are introduced to Jake Sully as a paraplegic ex-marine with strong military values. Jake’s brother was one of the scientists about to begin exploring the densely forested moon named â€Å"Pandora† with an Avatar—genetically matched to him—of the Planet’s inhabitants: The Na’vi. A mugging resulting in Jake’s brother’s death ensued Jake to be flown to Pandora for his brother’s replacement. Jake’s first link with his avatar shows us his ignorant, impulsive and instinctive behaviour and furthermore, how little respect he has for the environment or wildlife. We begin to see Jake’s arrogant attitude fade and his loving and sensitive side brought out by Neytiri with his total involvement with the Omaticaya. Through Jake’s immersion into the Na’vi’s culture and growing relationship with Neytiri, his loyalties move away from the RDA: the race he was born to, and begins to sympathise and lie with the Omaticaya clan: the race he has been accepted into. â€Å"Everything is backwards now, like out there is the true world, and in here is the dream.† â€Å"I see you.† This short but very significant sentence spoken amongst the Na’vi shows trust and loyalty – â€Å"It’s not just, I’m seeing you in front of me, it’s, I see into you.† Jake is an important character for the reason that the loyalty he establishes with the Na’vi—abandoning his race—helps the Na’vi to keep their land and sacred home. We start to see Jake’s shifting alleg iance when he sabotages the RDA’s bulldozers that were set to destroy one of the Omaticaya’s sacred places. However he betrays the Na’vi’s trust in him—especially Neytiri’s—when he reveals that he is one of the sky people that are coming to destroy Hometree. To earn the Na’vi’s trust back, Jake tames and connects to the huge, legendary Toruk: â€Å"the baddest cat in the sky.† And with support from the new chief Tsu’tey – he declares his loyalty and his willingness to not let the Na’vi go down without a fight: â€Å"We will show the Sky People that they cannot take whatever they want! And that this, this is our land!† In the undershot of Quaritch in his machine suit holding Jake up by his ponytail – we see Jake staying loyal to the Na’vi. The undershot gives Quaritch a sense of power and dominance over Jake and the audience who feel a sense of hopelessness for Jake. Also the low angle gives Quaritch a sense of importance – intimidating the audience. Jake putting his life on the line in order to protect the Na’vi shows us how important they—especially Neytiri—have become to him. â€Å"All I ever wanted was a single thing worth fighting for.† And for the Na’vi—for Neytiri—Jake has. Jake is an important character because he helps the audience to understand the effects of imperialism on Pandora and the Na’vi. The RDA want the very expensive mineral that is largely deposited under Hometree and they are going to get the unobtanium one way or another – no exception to the cost of the planet’s people or land. The RDA bomb Hometree with a rain of firepower, and finally Hometree collapses in a blaze of fire. Close ups on the Na’vi’s faces—while this is happening—reveal the impact the loss of Hometree has on them; the slow motion also adds to emphasise this. The close up shots expose their emotions of anger but most of all, great sadness. Hometree is where the Omaticaya gather together as a clan, where they raise their future; Hometree is their life. Jake progresses from an RDA spy, to a loya l leader willing to fight for the Na’vi’s world. â€Å"I was a warrior who dreamed I could bring peace.† The low angle shot of Jake flying into the crowd of Na’vi, portrays him as the saviour with the sun beaming behind him to accentuate his heroism. The low angle further enforces Jake’s importance to the audience giving him a sense of superiority. â€Å"The Sky People have sent us a message†¦ that they can take whatever they want. That no one can stop them. Well, we will send them a message.† Jake leads the battle between the Na’vi who fight to protect their sacred lands, and the humans who are fuelled by the riches the Na’vi’s lands hold. This imperialistic battle is similar to the conquering and settlement of North America by European countries resulting in the destruction and decimation of the Native Americans way of life. The Mighty Europeans used military force to upheave the indigenous civilizations in North America. Driving the Natives away for the plentiful land, Europeans colonised what is now the Americas. Cameron wanted to expose us—the oblivious communities—to imperialism at its simplest: destroying one group’s livelihood for another’s own greed and wealth. In James Cameron’s film â€Å"Avatar,† Jake Sully is the protagonist and an important character for the reason that his newly established loyalty with the Na’vi helps them to keep their sacred land and home. He is important because he stands up for the underdogs: the Na’vi, instead of encouraging the destruction of the indigenous civilization’s home. James Cameron’s intentions to expose imperialism through the RDA and the Na’vi in Avatar, helps the audience understand the effects of it and how easily it has occurred AND could occur on our home: Earth. â€Å"Avatar† helped me to understand and grasp the fact that we are slowly destroying Earth’s nat ural resources and wonders for our desires and self-indulgences.

UPS: How Brown Got Cool

What can brown do for you? More businesses and consumers are realizing the benefits of UPS are much more than simply delivering packages. With the brand image and symbol revamp, business has been through the roof with more people taking advantage of the offerings of UPS. UPS was ready to claim more of the market share and influence consumers to think of and use UPS for their personal delivery and business needs. The Integrated marketing communications approach was the best solution to expose all of the offerings of UPS and how much of a benefit UPS is, not only for businesses but consumers as well. UPS was determined to change their image as a company and as a brand and has had extreme success in doing so. From the transformation of the UPS symbol, to the revamped advertising methods, to the UPS Store, more of the market has found a way to utilize the services offered by UPS. Many consumers originally thought all UPS did was deliver packages and offer package tracking, but with the integrated marketing communications approach, the market is now realizing all that is offered. Multiple marketing approaches were necessary to reach a broader market. Instead of limiting the marketing to a particular group, the exposure expands with different marketing approaches. Business print, trade print, industry specific print, and radio on a local market basis helped reach the masses while advertising different services provided to appeal to everyone’s needs. UPS made a conscious effort to reach five target markets which include shipping decision makers, front office decision makers, small business decision makers, senior level decision makers, and the newest target, the end consumer. For each market, the focus is on how can we help you. Offerings such as viewing and paying bills online, preparing billing reports to monitor shipping expenses, managing staffing for high volume shipping and receiving and even an online packaging advisor help to meet the needs of more people. â€Å"Getting started,† 1994-2013) Brand recall is extremely important in business. Most businesses look at having a brand recall rate of over 50% as a positive. UPS’ brand recall rate is between 97 and 98 percent which is a rate that is obviously dominating the market and has a significant impact on profit, new business and repeat business. UPS has won multiple rewards and continuously earns high ratings in various fields including taking top place in Customer Loyalty Index which goes hand in hand with brand recall. For the fourth consecutive year, Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Engagement Index ranked UPS #1 in the Parcel Delivery category, citing brands best able to engage consumers and create loyal customers. † (â€Å"Business excellence,† 2013) The new slogan â€Å"What can brown do for you† is indeed a catchy one but also provokes thought. The slogan paired with information on different aspects of UPS has allowed consumers and businesses to think outside of the box and utilize the services offered to help them operate more sufficiently with great ease.

US History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

US History - Assignment Example Overall, more than forty million civilians were killed in the conflict, making WWII as deadly as it was world changing. These genocidal and wartime fatalities could have been prevented through a mutual adherence to a code of war and war conduct and the mutual adherence to this code, which was fashioned during the Treaty of Versailles. A more enforced adherence to the Treaty of Versailles and not to a theory of appeasement by the victors of WWI would’ve prevented Germany’s breach of the treaty and the start of WWII. Two long lasting effects of WII were the rise of United States (and U.S. patriotism) and the conception of powerful world organizations like the United Nations and The World Bank. 2. The progress of Civil rights from the Civil war to 1974 generally assumed a trend of separation of the Black people of America to an inclusion and integration as well as right to equal civil liberties within this inclusion. Figureheads in the civil rights movement include Abraham Lincoln, Jim Crow, Martin Luther King, Plessy vs. Ferguson, the NAACP, Black Power and Malcolm X, to name a